Why Mumbai is called the City of Seven Islands ?

Mumbai the metropolis city, it wasn’t the same as it appears today it was in the form of small Island. Mumbai City has its history which many of us don’t know, Mumbai was an archipelago of “seven Islands”, namely Colaba, Mazagaon, Mahim, Parel, Bombay Island, Worli and Old Woman's Island. This group of islands formed a part of the kingdom of Ashoka, the famed Buddhist emperor of India. The “Koli”, an aboriginal tribe of fishermen, were the earliest known inhabitants of present-day Mumbai. Later between the 2nd century BC and 9th century. Before being controlled by the Silharas from 810 to 1260. Mumbai has consistently been well known for oceanic exchange. The city was governed in the sixth eighth century by the Chalukyas, who left their blemish on Elephanta Island (Gharapuri). The Walkeswar Temple at Malabar Point was likely worked during the standard of Shilahara senior body from the Konkan coast  (thirteenth century). Under the Yadavas of Devagiri (Daulatabad; 1187–1318) the settlement of Mahikavati (Mahim) on Bombay Island was established because of attacks from the north by the Khalji tradition of Hindustan in 1294. Relatives of the Yadavas are found in contemporary Mumbai and the greater part of the spot names on the island date from that time.

The Muslim rulers of Gujarat, who had been ruling current Thane and Vasai for a few decades, annexed the islands in 1348 which were later governed by the Gujarat Sultanate from (1391-1534). The Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat and the Kingdom of Portuguese on 23 December 1534. In light of the conditions of the understanding, the Portuguese Empire conquer the city of Bassein, just as its regions, islands, and oceans. Bombay was used to be known as Bombaim, during the Portuguese era (1534-1661). When Portugues was in a position, they started to build there empire and grow the religion on all the seven Island. The Portuguese Franciscans and Jesuits constructed a few houses of worship in the city, unmistakable being the St. Michael's Church at Mahim, St. John the Baptist Church at Andheri. 

Portugues explorer Francisco de Almeida's( also known as "the Great Dom Francisco" (was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier, and explorer) ship sailed into the deep natural harbor of Bombay in December 1508 on his expedition from Kannur a city and Municipal Corporation in Kannur district of Kerala to Diu which is Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The Portuguese paid their first visit to the islands on 21 January 1509, when they arrived at Mahim in the wake of catching a freight ship of the Gujarat Sultanate in the Mahim rivulet. In 1534, the Portuguese caught the islands and set up an exchanging focus ('production line') there.The Portuguese called the place Bom Bahia, meaning ('the good bay'). Bassein and the seven islands of Bombay were given up later by an arrangement of harmony and trade between Bahadur Shah and Nuno da Cunha on 25 October 1535 for all time finishing the Islamic principle on the islands. In 1534, Bombay Island was leased to Mestre Diogo for an annual rent of 1,432½ pardaos (a coin of Portuguese India equivalent to a half rupia) which was (Rs 537), payable at the royal treasury in Bassein. The San Miguel (St. Michael's Church) in Mahim, the most established Portuguese Franciscan church in Bombay, was worked in 1534.

The process of land reclamation carried out to create Bombay

Who was the founder of Mumbai

Portugues marriage treaty was dated 23rd June 1661, which was then endorsed on 28th August 1661. In October 1626, whilst at war with Portugal. On 31st May 1662, King Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza, whose family offered a large dowry. Some portion of this blessing was the Portuguese domain of Bombay. Be that as it may, Charles II didn't need the difficulty of administering these islands and in 1668 convinced the East India Company to lease them for only 10 pounds of gold a year. As Bombay was a profound water port, enormous vessels had the option to dock there. Bombay required a fortress and an army of fighters to shield it from Dutch armadas and Indian pirates. Sir George Oxenden turned into the main Governor of Bombay under the system of the British East India Company. In this "city which by God's help is expected to be fabricated" individuals could purchase land and assemble their own homes. Aungier started a complex building program: causeways to link the islands; forts and a castle to protect people; a church, a hospital, and a mint where coins were made in Bombay and developed the islands into a center of commerce. Gerald Aungier also offered various business incentives which attracted various communities like Gujaratis, Parsis, Dawoodi Bohras, Jews as well as from Britain. 

The Company fortified the Middle Ground Coastal Battery ( heritage site of an antique coastal gun battery) isle in the archipelago to curb the sea piracy in the area in 1682.  Later a marine police force of Bhandari's was stationed on the islet to keep an eye on the pirates who used to board ships. In 1753, the Naval Dockyard was opened which remains the most seasoned harbors in the city. The principal land-use laws were likewise instituted in Bombay during this period. The British included Salsette in 1774, which was authoritatively given up to the British East India Company by the Treaty of Salbai set apart in 1782, this was one of the interesting treaties. During this year William Hornby was the English Governor of Bombay, he came up with a project called  Hornby Vellard (a project to build a causeway - track, road or railway on the upper point of an embankment across “a low” or  “wet place”,  or “railway bridges”) uniting all seven islands of Bombay into a single island with a deep natural harbor. But the project was rejected by the British East India company in 1783. The development of the Sion Causeway started in 1798 and was finished in 1803. 

How did Mumbai(Bombay) develop

During the 19th century, the support of the exchange of Bombay with Jeshwanth joined with the Company's military achievements in the Deccan made ready for the instructive and monetary advancement. One of the chief improvements to the north of Colaba was the construction of the Wellington Pier (formerly known as Apollo Bunder), which was a significant wharf for embarkation and disembarkation of travelers and products in the city of Bombay (presently Mumbai), India in the late 19th century. It is the area of the celebrated Gateway of India and the main travelers utilizing it presently are the individuals who are taking the ship to Elephanta Island.  In 1838, the islands of Colaba and Little Colaba were connected to Bombay by the  Colaba Causeway officially known as Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, which is a commercial street, also, a significant highway or land connect among Colaba and the Old Woman's Island in the city of Mumbai, India.

Until 1839, Colaba was available just during the low tide, however soon it saw quick advancement in the zone, particularly after the development of the Cotton Exchange at Cotton Green in 1844. By 1845, all the seven islands had been associated with structure a solitary island called Old Bombay.having a territory of 435 km2 (167.95 sq mi) by the Hornby Vellard venture. This was the biggest manmade Island by connecting all 7 Islands of Bombay. In 1853, the main Indian railroad opened, which extended from Bombay to Thane. The work made by the new railroad pulled in more individuals to settle in Bombay. To stay with control, the Company made various government structures. These were in a style fundamentally the same as city corridors worked in England at that point.

What British has done for Bombay(Mumbai)

The truth of the matter is that Britishers incurred joblessness, starvation, and different barbarities upon India. However, similar to the different sides of a coin, there are consistently solid two perspectives in each conversation. Although the British annihilated the substance of India, it additionally made India sufficiently able to achieve new statures by acquiring new changes, advances, and modernization. This was the establishment of another and durable country. English came and the expression "partition and vanquish" impact started to take its control from the decision family to themselves. Furthermore, simply after the British came to India. We have likewise perceived how the rulers and landowners began draining the blood out of the regular man because of the lacking frameworks of majority rule government, administration, law, and equity. The British didn't give us the language. They needed to instruct an extremely, little class. Macaulay expounded on making a minuscule class of Indians who might be, as he put it, "Indian in blood and shading, yet English in tastes, in sentiments.

British demolished our riches and assets however on the off chance that they had not gone to our nation, it wouldn't have been even evolved till now. British standard has certainly acquired a great impact on India's turn of events. India would have never been joined together if the British didn't run the show. Without the Britishers, Mumbai wouldn't have become the monetary and budgetary capital of India. They not just presented railroad foundation, aviation routes, and English instruction however their commitments to India additionally incorporate the biggest metropolitan urban areas, the military, the common administrations, current training, and considerably more that keeps this country joined together.

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