Plasma is the liquid portion of whole blood, were as plasma is a light yellowish liquid portion of the blood. The plasma is separated from the blood by spinning a tube of fresh blood containing an anticoagulant in a centrifuge until the blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube. The more and more focus is giving on plasma therapy because it carries important nutrients, Protein albumin, fibrinogen, clotting factors and  essential Hormones to the different parts of the body. Plasma contains Albumins, Immoglobulins/Antibodies and Fibrinogen(clotting factor). These elements are then used as treatments that can help save the lives of people in medical emergencies. So, let us see further how these Antibodies work in our immune system.

When a person comes in contact with a Coronavirus(COVID-19) or when it appears in the Immune system of affected person, the virus is picked up by macrophages which are also called as (Antigen-presenting cell) which are the part of the immune system these macrophages has receptors that can bind to these viruses and they can take them inside. Once they are inside they would break them down into smaller pieces further they take these smaller pieces put them on a protein called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and make them available outside MHC and then those pieces of the virus are visible to doctors when the person Is affected with COVID-19. Antigen Presenting Cell (APC), there are three kinds of an APC in our body one is macrophages, there are more further procedures were scientists and researchers are figuring out how the virus is affecting our immune system.

So, the theory behind Convalescent Plasma Therapy is the plasma therapy aims at using antibodies from the blood of a recovered Covid-19 patient to treat those critically affected. The patient who has recovered from Covid-19 contains antibodies with the specific ability of fighting coronavirus. Plasma therapy experiment has already been used in the treatment of the Spanish flu, H1N1, SARS, Ebola, Measles, MERS viruses. But taking all the aspects in mind plasma therapy is prevention but not a cure cause plasma therapy also has side effects. Convalescent plasma is one of the immune-based options that may be able to tackle COVID-19. on April 28, the Union Health Minister also mentioned that therapy is still under its experimental stage and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is currently studying its efficiency. In response Kejriwal said that the Delhi government will not stop clinical trials of plasma therapy. Currently the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has approved 21 institutions for participating in a randomized controlled study to assess the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma to limit complications associated with COVID-19.

ICMR would divide the patients into two groups (control and experimental) one group will be given plasma therapy and the other the normal symptomatic treatment which is currently being provided. This will help us understand the results of plasma therapy in comparison with the current treatment. But the procedure will be dynamic because a moderately severe patient can become a mild or a very severe case too. Then he/she cannot be part of the experimental treatment. However, several patients have succumbed to the disease despite being administered convalescent plasma. The government is requesting to those people who have recovered from COVID-19 to donate their plasma.

Education and Research in Chandigarh, Madras Medical College in Chennai, Municipal Medical College in Ahmedabad, BJ Medical College and Civil Hospital in Ahmedabad, Sawai Man Singh Medical College in Jaipur, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Gandhi Medical College, Telangana and Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal have got the approval from ICMR for Plasma therapy trail. The ICMR does not recommend this as a treatment option outside of Clinical trials.

Previous studies in Lassa fever and SARS-1 have indicated that convalescent plasma works best as prophylaxis to prevent the disease (before and after exposure to the virus). But if we talk about in the case of Malaria patients who were treated with plasma therapy showed the worst reaction. There are some conditions regarding this method of treatment in doner the antibody levels vary from donor to donor. The quantity of antibodies in say 200 ml of plasma transfused depends on several factors such as how long before the donor had been infected whether the donor had a severe or mild infection whether the donor had other underlying illnesses that compromised her immunity and how long the plasma had been stored. The high specificity means the antibody will not probably work against a different mutant or version of the virus.

7G Social provides you the information on Coronavirus COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Therapy, what you all need to know.
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